WAYFINDING SIGNAGE COMMONLY USED MATERIALS

This text provides detailed descriptions of various materials used for sheet metal special-shaped markings, including characteristics, applications, key properties like density, and common dimensions.

Key Takeaways

Stainless steel is corrosion-resistant with varying finishes, but costly and prone to slight rusting.
Cold-rolled steel plate has a fine surface, high precision, and is commonly used in appliances due to its strength and hardness.
Hot-rolled steel plate features low hardness and strength, easy workability, but poor surface quality and low precision.
Galvanized sheet is economical for anti-corrosion with a zinc coating, though its surface is subject to corrosion without paint.
Aluminum plate offers high plasticity and corrosion resistance, but has low strength and is difficult to machine.
Aluminum-plastic panels combine the properties of metal and plastic, offering versatility in applications and exceptional material properties.
Acrylic and polystyrene boards offer high transmittance and ease of shaping, though they have varying degrees of strength and resistance to environmental factors.
PVC board is notable for its good processing performance and insulation, yet it deforms easily under heat.
Tempered glass provides high strength and safety features but cannot be reworked after tempering and can self-explode under certain conditions.
Endurance board (polycarbonate) offers extreme impact resistance, flexibility, and energy efficiency, suitable for a wide range of construction and decorative purposes.
Various types of wood are described, each with unique properties, applications, and characteristics such as density, texture, durability, and workability.

1. Stainless steel plate

Definition: Refers to steel that is resistant to corrosion by weakly corrosive media such as air, steam, and water and chemically corrosive media such as acids, alkali, and salts. It is also called stainless acid-resistant steel. Characteristics: Available in bright (mirror) and matte (brushed), good texture, slow oxidation, good flatness, smooth surface, high plasticity, toughness and mechanical strength, resistant to acids, alkaline gases, solutions and other media of corrosion. It is a kind of alloy steel that is not easy to rust, but it is not absolutely rust-free, but the cost is high and the color is darker and single.

Model: 201#, 304#, 316#, etc.
Surface: mirror surface, brushed (horizontal/vertical), sand surface
Specifications: 1000x2000mm, 1220x2400mm, 1500x3000mm
Commonly used thicknesses: 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0mm, etc.
Density: 7.93/7.98

2. Cold-rolled steel plate

Cold-rolled thin steel plate is the abbreviation of ordinary carbon structural steel cold-rolled plate, commonly known as cold plate. It is made from ordinary carbon structural steel hot-rolled steel strips and further cold-rolled into steel plates with a thickness of less than 4mm. Characteristics: Rolling at room temperature does not produce iron oxide scale, so the cold plate has good surface quality and high dimensional accuracy. Coupled with annealing treatment, its mechanical properties and process performance are better than hot-rolled thin steel sheets. It is used in many fields, especially home appliances. In the manufacturing field, it has been gradually used to replace hot-rolled thin steel plates. It has high hardness and is relatively difficult to process, but it is not easy to deform and has high strength.

Advantages: strong plasticity, easy to bend, cut, weld, and polish, easy to process, strong coloring adhesion, can be made into various shapes, and low cost, but oxidizes quickly and is easy to rust (generally painted).
Specifications: 1000x2000mm 1220x2440mm 1250x2500mm 1500x3000mm
Common thickness: 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0mm, etc.
Density: 7.85

3. Hot-rolled steel plate

It is strip steel made from rough rolling mill and finishing rolling mill using plate steel (mainly continuous casting steel) as raw material and heated, commonly known as hot plate.

Characteristics: low hardness, easy processing, good ductility, relatively low strength, poor surface quality (oxidation, low smoothness), but good plasticity, generally medium and thick plates, with poor thickness and width accuracy, and long edges with wavy shapes , folding, tower and other defects.
Specifications: 1260x6000mm 1510x6000mm
Common thickness: 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 8.0, 10.0, 15.0mm, etc.
Density: 7.85

4. Galvanized sheet

Definition: In order to prevent the surface of the steel plate from corrosion and extend its service life, a layer of metallic zinc is coated on the surface of the steel plate. This zinc-coated thin steel plate is called a galvanized plate. Galvanizing is an economical and effective anti-corrosion method that is often used.
Features: Anti-corrosion, long life
Specifications: 1220x2400mm, 1250x2500mm Common thickness: 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, 2.0mm, etc.
Density:7.85

5. Aluminum plate

Definition: refers to a rectangular material with a rectangular cross-section and uniform thickness made of pure aluminum or aluminum alloy materials through pressure processing (shearing or sawing).
Characteristics: It has good elongation and tensile strength, and can fully meet conventional processing requirements (stamping, drawing) and high formability. It is industrial pure aluminum with high plasticity, corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, but low strength, cannot be strengthened by heat treatment, and has poor machinability; it can be gas welded, hydrogen atomic welded and contact welded, but not easy to braze; it is easy to withstand Various pressure processing, stretching and bending.
Specifications: 1000x2000mm 1220x2440mm 1500x3000mm
Common thickness: 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5mm, etc.
Density:2.7

6. Aluminum-plastic panel

Definition: A composite material that uses chemically treated coated aluminum panels as the surface material, polyethylene plastic as the core material, and is processed on special aluminum-plastic panel production equipment.
Characteristics: It is composed of two materials (metal and non-metal) with completely different properties. It not only retains the main characteristics of the original material (metal aluminum, non-metal polyethylene plastic) but also overcomes the shortcomings of the original material, thereby obtaining Many excellent material properties, such as luxury, colorful decoration, weather resistance, corrosion resistance, impact resistance, fire resistance, moisture resistance, sound insulation, heat insulation, earthquake resistance; light weight, easy processing and molding, easy transportation and installation, etc.,
specifications :1220x2440mm
Common thickness: 3.0, 4.0mm, etc.

7.Acrylic board

Definition: Commonly known as organic glass, the chemical name is polymethyl methacrylate, which is a polymer compound polymerized from methyl methacrylate. It is the most synthetic transparent material so far.
The best quality.
Characteristics: High transmittance, excellent weather resistance, especially used outdoors. It is the best among other plastics. It also has good surface hardness and gloss. It has great processing plasticity and can be manufactured.
into various required shape products.
Specifications: 1220x2440mm1220x1830mm
Common thicknesses: 2.0, 3.0, 5.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.0, 15.0, 18.0mm Etc.: 1.2

8. Organic tablets

Definition: The chemical name is Polystyrene (polystyrene), which is a thermoplastic amorphous resin.
Characteristics: Colorless, odorless, tasteless and shiny, light and cheap, low water absorption, good colorability, stable chemical properties, excellent electrical insulation, especially high-frequency insulation, certain impact resistance, Weather resistance and aging resistance, good light transmittance, general chemical corrosion resistance, lower price than organic glass, can be machined, hot-bent, screen-printed, and absorbed
plastic
Specifications: 1220x1830mm, 1220x2400mm Common thickness: 0.8, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0mm, etc.
Density:1.2

9.PVC board

Definition: It is a vinyl polymer material, and its material is an amorphous material.
Characteristics: It has good processing performance, low manufacturing cost, corrosion resistance, insulation and other good characteristics, but it has low density, is easy to deform, and cannot be baked.
Specifications:1220x2440mmmm
Commonly used thicknesses: 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.0, 15.0, 18.0, 24.0mm, etc.

10. Tempered glass

Definition: Tempered glass is actually a kind of prestressed glass. In order to improve the strength of the glass, chemical or physical methods are usually used to form compressive stress on the surface of the glass. When the glass is subjected to external forces, it first offsets the surface stress, thus improving the load-bearing capacity and strengthening the glass itself. Wind pressure resistance, cold and heat resistance, impact resistance and other advantages:

Its strength is several times higher than that of ordinary glass, its bending strength is 3 to 5 times that of ordinary glass, and its impact strength is 5 to 10 times that of ordinary glass. It not only improves strength but also improves safety.
Its increased load-bearing capacity improves its fragile nature. Even if the tempered glass is damaged, it will be broken into small fragments without sharp angles, which greatly reduces the damage to the human body. The resistance to rapid cooling and rapid heating of tempered glass is 2 to 3 times higher than that of ordinary glass.

It can generally withstand temperature changes of more than 150LC and has obvious effects on preventing thermal explosion. shortcoming:

Tempered glass cannot be cut or processed. The glass can only be processed to the required shape before tempering, and then tempered.
Although tempered glass is stronger than ordinary glass, tempered glass may self-explode (break by itself) when the temperature difference is large, while ordinary glass has no possibility of self-explosion.
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Commonly used thicknesses: 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.0, 15.0, 19.0mm, etc.

Density: 2.5

11. Endurance board

Definition: Endurance board (also known as PC board, polycarbonate, solid board, bulletproof glass, cabron board, polycarbonate version, aviation perspective board) is processed from high-performance engineering plastic polycarbonate. become.

Features:

Impact resistance: hundreds of times stronger than tempered glass and acrylic panels, tough, safe, anti-theft, and bulletproof;

Can be rounded and bent: good processability, strong plasticity, and can be bent into an arch according to the actual needs of the construction site Shape, semi-circle and other styles

Be made of light materials and easy to carry: the weight is only half that of glass, which saves time and effort in transportation and installation, and construction management is convenient and easy.

Weather resistance and excellent lighting: It can resist ultraviolet radiation for a long time, has excellent lighting effect, and can save a lot of expenses. Common colors of endurance boards: transparent, lake blue, grass green, milky white, brown, sapphire blue

Specifications: 1.22/1.56/1.82/2.1m Width x any length

Common thickness: 3.0-15.0mm, etc.

The main purpose

Endurance boards are suitable for decoration in gardens, entertainment venues, and pavilions in rest areas. They are suitable for telephone booths, advertising street signs, light box advertisements, and display exhibition layouts;
Suitable for sound insulation barriers on highways and urban elevated roads;
Suitable for modern ecological restaurant ceilings;
Suitable for bicycle sheds, balcony sunshades and roof rest pavilions in all units or communities.

Advantages of endurance boards

(1) Light transmittance: The light transmittance of endurance board can reach up to 89%, which is comparable to that of glass. UV-coated boards will not produce yellowing when exposed to sunlight, but atomization and light transmission are poor. After ten years, the light transmission loss is only 10%. The loss rate of PVC can be as high as 15%-20%, and that of glass fiber is 12%. -20%.

(2) Impact resistance: The impact strength is 250-300 times that of ordinary glass, 30 times that of acrylic plates of the same thickness, and 2-20 times that of tempered glass. There will be no cracks when dropped from 2 meters with a 3kg hammer, and it is “unbreakable” “Glass” and “Sounding Steel”.

(3) Anti-ultraviolet: One side of the PC board has an anti-ultraviolet (UV) layer, and the other side has anti-condensation treatment, integrating the functions of anti-ultraviolet, heat insulation and anti-fog droplets. It can block the passage of ultraviolet rays and is very suitable for protecting valuable artworks and exhibits from ultraviolet damage.

(4) Light weight: The specific gravity is only half that of glass, saving the cost of transportation, handling, installation and supporting frames.

(5) Flame retardant: The national standard GB50222-95 confirms that endurance boards are flame retardant at the first level, that is, B1 level. The PC board’s own ignition point is 580°C. It will self-extinguish after leaving the fire and will not produce toxic gases or contribute to the spread of the fire.

(6) Flexibility: It can be cold-bent at the construction site according to the design drawings, and installed into arches, semi-circular roofs and windows. The minimum bending radius is 175 times the plate thickness, and hot bending is also possible.

(7) Sound insulation: The sound insulation effect of the endurance board is obvious, and it has better acoustic insulation than glass and acrylic panels of the same thickness. Under the same thickness, the sound insulation capacity of the endurance board is 5-9DB higher than that of glass. Internationally, it is the preferred material for highway noise barriers.

(8) Energy saving: keeping cool in the summer and keeping warm in the winter, the thermal conductivity (K value) of the endurance board is lower than that of ordinary glass and other plastics, and the thermal insulation effect is 7%-25% higher than that of the same glass. Heat up to 49%. As a result, heat loss is greatly reduced. It is used in buildings with heating equipment and is an environmentally friendly material.

(9) Temperature adaptability: PC boards do not become cold brittle at -40°C, do not soften at 125°C, and have no significant changes in their mechanical and mechanical properties in harsh environments.

(10) Thickness resistance: Durable sheets can maintain the stability of various physical indicators in the range of -40°C to 120°C. After 4,000 hours of artificial climate aging test, the yellowing degree was 2 and the light transmittance reduction was only 0.6%.

(11) Anti-condensation: When the outdoor temperature is 0℃, the indoor temperature is 23℃, and the indoor relative humidity is lower than 80%, there will be no condensation on the inner surface of the material. Leakage will flow away along the surface of the board without dripping.

(12) It is simple and convenient, not as bulky as traditional materials, and has been widely used in coastal cities in my country in recent years.

In addition to using logs directly, the wood is processed into boards, square lumber or other products. In order to reduce the deformation and cracking of wood during use, boards and squares usually must be dried naturally or artificially. Natural drying involves stacking wood and air-drying it. Artificial drying mainly uses the drying kiln method, but simple baking and roasting methods can also be used. A drying kiln is a drying chamber equipped with circulating air equipment that can regulate and control the temperature and humidity of the air. The wood dried in the drying kiln is of good quality and has a moisture content of less than 10%. Wood that is prone to decay during use should be preservative treated in advance. The gluing method can be used to glue boards into large components, which can be used for wooden structures, wooden piles, etc. Wood can also be processed into plywood, particleboard, fiberboard, etc. In ancient buildings and gardens, wood is widely used in temples, palaces, pagodas, and residential buildings. In modern civil construction, wood is mainly used in building wooden structures, wooden bridges, formwork, pole sleepers, doors, windows, furniture, and building decoration. , garden landscape, logo, etc.

12. Wood type

Walnut, made in China

The difference between heartwood and sapwood is obvious. The sapwood is light yellowish brown with gray; the heartwood is reddish brown with wood color, or even dark brown, often with dark stripes, and turns chocolate color when exposed to air for a long time. The texture is straight or oblique, the structure is slightly thin, shiny, the annual rings are obvious, and the ring boundaries are microwave-shaped. Khotan diffuse porous material. The tube holes are small and visible to the naked eye. The early wood tube holes are clear to the naked eye, with slight hole rings; they gradually decrease toward the outer edge of the annual rings. Most of the tube holes are single or multiple tube holes, arranged in radial or diagonal rows, and a few contain intrusions. The wood rays are thin and numerous, light in color, visible to the naked eye, arranged in radial or scattered rows, and a few contain intrusions. The wood rays are thin and numerous, light in color, visible to the naked eye, and have ray patterns on the radial surface.

Material properties: The material is slightly hard, slightly heavy, with a density of 0.672g/cm, and beautiful color; it dries slowly, has stable properties after drying, and does not deform. During the drying process, splitting will occur if you are not careful. Abrasion-resistant, paint and glue Connectivity is good.

Huangqi, made in China

The difference between the heartwood and sapwood is obvious to slightly obvious, the wood is grayish brown to light reddish brown, the color is beautiful, the texture is straight or oblique, the structure is cumbersome to medium, the annual rings are slightly obvious and wide. From diffuse-pore to diffuse-pore wood, the tube holes are smaller and slightly less, and in early wood, the tube holes are easily visible to the naked eye. Multiple tube holes (2 to several) are common, arranged radially or obliquely. The axial parenchyma is well developed, mainly in the form of tube-nodal lines. The wood rays are thin and slightly visible to the naked eye! There are ray patterns on the diameter surface. Material properties: The material is slightly light, with a density of 0.569g/cm. It is not difficult to dry, will rarely crack and will not deform after drying. Wood is elastic and easy to process. The paint properties are medium, with good adhesion and medium nail-holding power, but will not split.

Maple poplar, made in China

The difference between heartwood and sapwood is not obvious, and the wood is light brown and slightly yellow. The wood is shiny, with often staggered grain and structure. The annual rings are slightly obvious and wide. Semi-diffuse to diffuse-porous materials. Tube holes are small to medium. Easily visible to the naked eye. The axial parenchyma, visible under a magnifying glass, is mainly tangential to the tube (light in color, thin and numerous), and appears as intermittent string lines. The wood rays are thin and clear under the microscope, and the wood ray patterns on the radial surface are visible.

Material properties: The material is soft, with a density of 0.386g/cm?, easy to warp when dry, not resistant to corrosion, good paint and adhesive properties, not strong nail grip, but does not split.

Casuarina, made in China

The difference between heartwood and sapwood is not obvious to slightly obvious. The sapwood is wide and light reddish brown. The heartwood is narrow and reddish brown. The wood has turbulent textures that are oblique to staggered, has a fine structure, and the growth rings are not obvious to slightly obvious. Diffuse porous material. The tube pores are slightly thin, most of them are scattered individually or in oblique radial rows, and the axial parenchyma is well developed. Free tube ribbon. Wood rays are thin. Radial ray markings are visible.

Material properties: air-dry density is 1.043g/cm’, very heavy. The material is heavy and strong. The wood is difficult to dry and severely cracked. In the south, it is extremely susceptible to rot and insects without antiseptic treatment.

Chunyu, made in China

The difference between heart and sapwood is obvious. The sapwood is narrow and dark yellow. The heartwood is dark purple and grayish brown. The wood has straight texture, rough structure, obvious growth rings, extremely uneven width and ring-hole wood. The material tube has a large hole. The tube pores of latewood are small to very small, and they are gathered into discontinuous wavy arrangements along the growth rings. Axial parenchyma is difficult to see. The wood rays are thin and few, and horizontal or spotted ray patterns can be seen on the evenly distributed diameter surface.

Material properties: Air-dry density is 0.59g/cm’, medium. Difficult to dry, easy to crack and warp. Not corrosion resistant, preservatives are easily injected.

Baiyu, Origin: China.

The difference between heartwood and sapwood is obvious. The sapwood is yellowish brown and the heartwood is dark reddish brown. The wood is shiny. The texture is straight and the structure is coarse. The annual rings are obvious, narrow to very wide, and slightly wavy. A small number of ring-porous materials contain intrusions. The tube pores of latewood are very small, in the form of complex tube pores and tube pore groups, forming intermittent tangent lines, and the axial parenchyma is ring-shaped, usually in the shape of wavy bands around the latewood tube holes. Less wood rays. Very fine.

Material properties: Air-dry density is 0.639q/cm’, medium. It is difficult to dry, has large shrinkage, is prone to warping and cracking, has strong durability, and is easy to undergo anti-corrosion treatment. Staining and painting properties are good. Easy to glue.

Beech (Zelkovaschneideriana) Origin: China

The difference between heartwood and sapwood is obvious. The sapwood is wide, yellowish brown or light reddish brown, and the heartwood is reddish brown. Glossy, straight texture, fine to medium structure, obvious and uneven growth rings, and significant difference between early and late wood. Ring-hole wood early wood has large tube holes. Contains reddish brown gum. The tube holes of latewood are small, oblique, tangential or wavy. Axial parenchyma paracast type. Among the wood rays, the radial ray patterns are obvious.

Material properties: Air-dry density is 0.81g/cm; heavy, difficult to dry, easy to crack if dried improperly, strong durability, easy to anti-corrosion treatment. Paint and adhesive properties are good.

Wood lotus, made in China

The difference between heartwood and sapwood is not obvious. The wood is light yellowish brown to light reddish brown and shiny. The texture is straight or oblique and the structure is fine. The growth rings are slightly obvious, and there are dark latewood bands around the rings. Diffuse-porous material has many tube holes but most of the small ones are single and evenly distributed, and the axial parenchyma is missing. There are fine brown-red wood ray patterns on the very fine diameter surface of the wood rays.

Material properties: Air-dry density is 0.623g/cm, medium. It is easy to warp and crack when it dries, and it dries easily. Wood has weak corrosion resistance. Easy to process, medium nail holding power, but easy to split. Good paint and adhesive properties.

Huang Polo, Origin: North Korea, Soviet Far East and Japan

The difference between heartwood and sapwood is obvious. The sapwood is yellowish white with gray, very narrow, generally 2-5mm; the heartwood is dark chestnut brown. The texture is straight, the structure is coarse, and it is shiny. The material color and pattern are very beautiful. The growth rings with bitter taste are obvious, narrow and even. Ring hole material. The early wood tube holes are medium to slightly large and clear to the naked eye. Wood rays are thin to very fine, few in number, slightly visible to the naked eye, and light in color.

Material properties: The material is light and soft, with a density of 0.499g/cm3, good paint and adhesive properties, medium nail-holding power, and not easy to split.

Melia azedarach Origin: China

The difference between heartwood and sapwood is obvious. The sapwood is yellow-white, very narrow; the heartwood is purple-brown to red. The texture is straight or oblique, the structure is rough and shiny, the growth rings are obvious, very wide and uneven. Ring hole material. Early wood tube holes are medium in size, easily visible to the inner eye, and numerous in number. Contains reddish-brown gum; latewood tube pores are few, even small to slightly smaller, and may or may not be visible to the naked eye. The wood rays are thin and light in color, visible to the naked eye; there are ray patterns on the diameter surface.

Wood properties: The wood has a medium weight, a density of 0.6g/cm?, and is in good drying condition. The heartwood is relatively resistant to corrosion, but the sapwood is susceptible to borers. The wood is easy to process, easy to cut, and the cut surface is quite smooth.